Industries: health care, pharmaceuticals
Gilead is a research-based biopharmaceutical company that discovers, develops and commercializes medicines, with focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis C and chronic hepatitis B, cardiovascular disease, hematology/oncology and respiratory diseases.
| Most recent | Growth rate (CAGR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| Book value of equity per share | $17.26 | 9% | 14.6% | 20.6% |
| BV including aggregate dividends | 23.7% | 23.8% | 25.4% | |
| Most recent | Median | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| ROE | 26.8% | 17.7% | 59.8% | 45.9% |
| ROA | 9.2% | 5.9% | 27.1% | 22.6% |
| Most recent | Growth rate (CAGR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| EPS | $4.53 | 74.2% | 10.8% | 15.1% |
| Annual dividends | $2.34 | 9.9% | — | — |
| Share price | $63.43 |
| Most recent | Median | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| P/B ratio | 3.67 | 4.2 | 6.3 | 6.0 |
| P/E ratio | 14.00 | 36.0 | 11.6 | 14.3 |
A company creates wealth for its long-term shareholders in 2 main ways - through dividend payments and through the accumulation of retained earnings. This graph shows the accumulation of per-share equity of long-term shareholders (green bars), which consists of the retained earnings plus all capital invested in the company, and the cumulative dividends the company has paid over time per share of its stock (blue bars).
In the words of Warren Buffett: "We're looking for... businesses earning good returns on equity while employing little or no debt."
Return on equity is a key metric of financial performance, indicating a company's ability to generate earnings using shareholder capital. Over time, ROE is one of the major determinants of the rate at which a company creates shareholder wealth. The average ROE for large U.S. companies is 12%, and many investors use it as a threshold for attractive investments.
Companies can boost ROE by increasing leverage, which reduces the safety of the investment. Therefore, it is useful to look at the return on assets (ROA), which measures a company's earning power regardless of its capital structure. A widening gap between ROE and ROA may be a warning sign that should be thoroughly investigated.
Earnings per share is a popular metric used to value a company (using P/E ratio); growth in EPS is often used to judge company growth potential. However, many investors believe that EPS is an inferior metric to ROE, because it ignores the amount of capital the company used to generate earnings.
Free cash flow shows how much cash a company generates from operations, above and beyond what is required to maintain or expand its productive assets. This cash can be returned to investors, or spent by management on growing the company or paying back its debts.
Balance sheets of many companies contain intangible assets such as goodwill, trademarks, patents, etc. Many investors consider intangibles more difficult to value than physical assets. If intangible assets had been valued incorrectly, they must be impaired, resulting in a loss charged against shareholder equity. This chart demonstrates the potential loss to shareholder equity from such impairments.
Companies often use debt financing to increase their return on equity. However, as the amount of debt financing increases relative to the amount of equity financing, the company becomes more sensitive to down turns and other negative events. As a result, many investors use the ratio of debt to equity as a measure of a company's financial risk, and avoid companies that have this ratio above 1.
This chart shows shareholder equity as a percentage of total assets, allowing investors to judge the overall leverage. Companies with a higher proportion of equity can be viewed as safer investments. This metric is particularly important for highly leveraged institutions, such as banks, where it must be at least 4% according to government regulations.
The ratio of current assets to current liabilities is known as the current ratio. This metric is a quick measure of the company's ability to pay its short-term obligations. A current ratio below 1 is a warning sign that should be investigated, especially for companies that cannot count on adequate cash flow from operations.
This chart shows the cumulative dilution of investor ownership in a company over time. Dilution reduces an investor's participation in the future earnings. Dilution increases when a company issues new shares, and decreases when a company buys its shares back. Many investors avoid companies with large chronic dilution.
DuPont
analysis provides insight into factors affecting the Return On Equity of a company.
The DuPont equation decomposes ROE as follows:
ROE = (Net margin) * (Asset turnover) * (Asset to equity ratio)
Net margin indicates operating efficiency, Asset turnover measures
the total asset use efficiency, and the Asset to equity ratio is a measure of financial leverage.
The dividend payout ratio tells investors what percentage of earnings a company returns to shareholders, and what percentage it retains and reinvests. This ratio represents a major capital allocation decision by the company, and can be used to judge management rationality. Rational management should pay out all earnings that cannot be productively reinvested. Therefore, a low dividend payout ratio for a profitable company with a low growth potential may be a warning sign.
Many investors use the P/B ratio as a quick way of judging company valuation. Value investors - followers of Graham and Dodd - specifically seek out companies with low P/B ratios. However, investors should be careful not to make investment decisions on this metric alone, without considering a company's earning and growth potential, since a low P/B ratio can be a sign of a bleak future for the business.
P/E ratio is a popular way of making a quick judgment of a company valuation. Value investors - followers of Graham and Dodd - often seek solid companies with low P/E ratios as investment opportunities. However, P/E ratio represents an oversimplified approach to business valuation, and can often lead to incorrect investment decisions.
On July 29, 1999, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock ofNeXstar pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of February 28, 1999, among Gilead, NeXstar, and a merger subsidiary wholly owned by Gilead. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, NeXstar was merged with the wholly owned subsidiary of Gilead, with NeXstar as the surviving corporation. As a result, NeXstar became a wholly owned subsidiary of Gilead. In connection with the merger, Gilead issued a total of approximately 11,212,730 shares of Gilead common stock, or 0.3786 of a share of Gilead common stock for each share of NeXstar common stock, to the existing stockholders of NeXstar as consideration for all shares of capital stock of NeXstar. In addition, holders of options and warrants outstanding at the time of the merger to purchase an aggregate of approximately 2,236,413 shares of NeXstar common stock will receive, upon exercise of such options and warrants, the same fraction of a share of Gilead's common stock, and holders of $80,000,000 principal amount of 6.25% Convertible Subordinated Debentures of NeXstar (the "Debentures") will now have the right to convert the Debentures into approximately 1.8 million shares of Gilead common stock. The merger is intended to qualify as a tax-free reorganization and has been accounted for as a pooling of interests. Accordingly, Gilead's consolidated financial statements have been retroactively restated for periods prior to July 1999 to include the combined financial results of Gilead and NeXstar.
During 2006, we completed the acquisition of Myogen for an aggregate purchase price of $2.44 billion, of which $2.06 billion was allocated to purchased in-process research and development.
On April 15, 2009, we acquired CV Therapeutics through a cash tender offer under the terms of an agreement and plan of merger entered into in March 2009. CV Therapeutics was a publicly held biopharmaceutical company based in Palo Alto, California, primarily focused on applying molecular cardiology to the discovery, development and commercialization of small molecule drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aggregate consideration transferred to acquire CV Therapeutics was $1.39 billion.
On January 17, 2012, we completed the acquisition of Pharmasset, a publicly-held clinical-stage pharmaceutical company committed to discovering, developing and commercializing novel drugs to treat viral infections. Pharmasset's primary focus was the development of oral therapeutics for the treatment of HCV infection. We believe the acquisition of Pharmasset will provide us with an opportunity to complement our existing HCV portfolio and help advance our effort to develop all-oral regimens for the treatment of HCV. We acquired all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Pharmasset for $137 per share in cash through a tender offer and subsequent merger under the terms of an agreement and plan of merger entered into in November 2011. The aggregate cash payment to acquire all of the outstanding shares of common stock was $11.1 billion. We financed the transaction with approximately $5.2 billion in cash on hand, $2.2 billion in bank debt issued in January 2012 and $3.7 billion in senior unsecured notes issued in December 2011.