Industry: pharmaceuticals
Alexion is a pharmaceutical company focused on ultra-rare life-threatening genetic disorders. Company products include Soliris, a therapeutic approved for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS); Strensiq for the treatment of Hypophosphatasia (HPP); and Kanuma for the treatment of Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency (LAL-D).
| Most recent | Growth rate (CAGR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| Book value of equity per share | $41.10 | 2.7% | 27.9% | 43.5% |
| BV including aggregate dividends | 2.7% | 27.9% | 43.5% | |
| Most recent | Median | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| ROE | 1.7% | 3.3% | 5.7% | 14.9% |
| ROA | 1.1% | 2.2% | 3.7% | 10.6% |
| Most recent | Growth rate (CAGR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| EPS | $0.67 | -70.2% | -17.6% | 44% |
| Annual dividends | $0 | — | — | — |
| Share price | $125.91 |
| Most recent | Median | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 5 years | 10 years | ||
| P/B ratio | 3.06 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 9.5 |
| P/E ratio | — | 55.5 | 74.0 | 74.0 |
A company creates wealth for its long-term shareholders in 2 main ways - through dividend payments and through the accumulation of retained earnings. This graph shows the accumulation of per-share equity of long-term shareholders (green bars), which consists of the retained earnings plus all capital invested in the company, and the cumulative dividends the company has paid over time per share of its stock (blue bars).
In the words of Warren Buffett: "We're looking for... businesses earning good returns on equity while employing little or no debt."
Return on equity is a key metric of financial performance, indicating a company's ability to generate earnings using shareholder capital. Over time, ROE is one of the major determinants of the rate at which a company creates shareholder wealth. The average ROE for large U.S. companies is 12%, and many investors use it as a threshold for attractive investments.
Companies can boost ROE by increasing leverage, which reduces the safety of the investment. Therefore, it is useful to look at the return on assets (ROA), which measures a company's earning power regardless of its capital structure. A widening gap between ROE and ROA may be a warning sign that should be thoroughly investigated.
Earnings per share is a popular metric used to value a company (using P/E ratio); growth in EPS is often used to judge company growth potential. However, many investors believe that EPS is an inferior metric to ROE, because it ignores the amount of capital the company used to generate earnings.
Free cash flow shows how much cash a company generates from operations, above and beyond what is required to maintain or expand its productive assets. This cash can be returned to investors, or spent by management on growing the company or paying back its debts.
Balance sheets of many companies contain intangible assets such as goodwill, trademarks, patents, etc. Many investors consider intangibles more difficult to value than physical assets. If intangible assets had been valued incorrectly, they must be impaired, resulting in a loss charged against shareholder equity. This chart demonstrates the potential loss to shareholder equity from such impairments.
Companies often use debt financing to increase their return on equity. However, as the amount of debt financing increases relative to the amount of equity financing, the company becomes more sensitive to down turns and other negative events. As a result, many investors use the ratio of debt to equity as a measure of a company's financial risk, and avoid companies that have this ratio above 1.
This chart shows shareholder equity as a percentage of total assets, allowing investors to judge the overall leverage. Companies with a higher proportion of equity can be viewed as safer investments. This metric is particularly important for highly leveraged institutions, such as banks, where it must be at least 4% according to government regulations.
The ratio of current assets to current liabilities is known as the current ratio. This metric is a quick measure of the company's ability to pay its short-term obligations. A current ratio below 1 is a warning sign that should be investigated, especially for companies that cannot count on adequate cash flow from operations.
This chart shows the cumulative dilution of investor ownership in a company over time. Dilution reduces an investor's participation in the future earnings. Dilution increases when a company issues new shares, and decreases when a company buys its shares back. Many investors avoid companies with large chronic dilution.
DuPont
analysis provides insight into factors affecting the Return On Equity of a company.
The DuPont equation decomposes ROE as follows:
ROE = (Net margin) * (Asset turnover) * (Asset to equity ratio)
Net margin indicates operating efficiency, Asset turnover measures
the total asset use efficiency, and the Asset to equity ratio is a measure of financial leverage.
The dividend payout ratio tells investors what percentage of earnings a company returns to shareholders, and what percentage it retains and reinvests. This ratio represents a major capital allocation decision by the company, and can be used to judge management rationality. Rational management should pay out all earnings that cannot be productively reinvested. Therefore, a low dividend payout ratio for a profitable company with a low growth potential may be a warning sign.
Many investors use the P/B ratio as a quick way of judging company valuation. Value investors - followers of Graham and Dodd - specifically seek out companies with low P/B ratios. However, investors should be careful not to make investment decisions on this metric alone, without considering a company's earning and growth potential, since a low P/B ratio can be a sign of a bleak future for the business.
P/E ratio is a popular way of making a quick judgment of a company valuation. Value investors - followers of Graham and Dodd - often seek solid companies with low P/E ratios as investment opportunities. However, P/E ratio represents an oversimplified approach to business valuation, and can often lead to incorrect investment decisions.
In November 1999, the Company sold 3.415 million shares of common stock at a price of $14.00 per share in a public offering resulting in net proceeds of approximately $44.5 million to the Company.
In November 2000, the Company sold 2.3 million shares of common stock at a price of $90.75 per share to U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc. resulting in net proceeds of approximately $208.5 million to the Company.
In August 2005, we sold 2.5 million shares of our common stock in a registered offering at a price to the public of $26.75 per share resulting in net proceeds of approximately $64.5 million, net of underwriting discount, fees and other expenses of approximately $2.4 million related to the transaction. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes.
On February 7, 2012, we acquired Enobia Pharma Corp., a privately held clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Montreal, Canada and Cambridge, Massachusetts, in a transaction accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Enobia were recorded as of the acquisition date at their respective fair values. The reported consolidated financial condition after completion of the acquisition reflects these fair values. Enobia's results of operations are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The acquisition is intended to further our objective to develop and deliver therapies for patients with severe, ultra-rare and life-threatening disorders. Enobia's lead product candidate asfotase alfa, is a human recombinant targeted alkaline phosphatase enzyme-replacement therapy for patients suffering with hypophosphatasia (HPP), an ultra-rare, life-threatening, genetic metabolic disease for which there are no approved treatments. We made an upfront cash payment of $623,570 [K] for 100% of Enobia's capital stock. Additional contingent payments of up to an aggregate of $470,000 would be due upon reaching various regulatory and sales milestones. We financed the acquisition with existing cash and proceeds from our new credit facility.
In May 2012, in conjunction with our addition into the S&P 500 Index, we completed the sale of 5,000 [K] shares of our common stock in a public offering. The net proceeds from the sale of shares in the offering were $462,264 [K].
On May 6, 2015, we announced that we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Synageva BioPharma Corp., a publicly-held clinical-stage biotechnology company based in Lexington, Massachusetts for per share consideration of $115 in cash and 0.6581 shares of Alexion stock. At this date, the announced purchase consideration was estimated at approximately $8,400,000 [K], net of Synageva cash, based on the closing price of Alexion stock on May 5, 2015 of $168.55. On June 22, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Synageva, in a transaction accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Synageva were recorded as of the acquisition date at their respective fair values. Synageva's results of operations are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The acquisition was intended to further our objective to develop and commercialize life-transforming therapies to an increasing number of patients with devastating and rare diseases. Synageva's lead product candidate, KanumaTM (sebelipase alfa), is an enzyme replacement therapy for patients suffering with LAL-D, a life-threatening, ultra-rare disease for which there are no approved treatments. We acquired all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Synageva for $4,565,485 in cash and 26,125 shares of common stock. At closing of the business combination on June 22, 2015, the purchase consideration was approximately $8,860,000, net of Synageva cash, based Alexion's closing share price on the date of acquisition of $188.24. We financed the cash consideration with existing cash and proceeds from our new credit facility.